References

Akoglu, H. 2018. “User’s guide to correlation coefficients.” Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine 18 (3): 91–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjem.2018.08.001.

Altman D. G. and Bland J. M. 2005. “Standard Deviations and Standard Errors.” British Medical Journal 331:903: 331. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.331.7521.903.

Andrade C. 2020. “The Inconvenient Truth About Convenience and Purposive Samples.” Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 43(1): 86–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/0253717620977000.

Banerjee A., Chitnis U. B., Jadhav S. L., Bhawalkar J. S., Chaudhury S. 2009. “Hypothesis testing, type I and type II errors.” Ind Psychiatry J. 18(2): 127–31. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-6748.62274.

Campbell M. J. 2021. Statistics at Square One. John Wiley & Sons. https://www.wiley.com/en-ie/Statistics+at+Square+One,+12th+Edition-p-9781119401308.

Census. 2011a. “Highest Level of Qualification of Usual Residents in households aged 16 to 64 (Northern Ireland).” https://www.nisra.gov.uk/statistics/census/2011-census.

———. 2011b. “Marital and Civil Partnership Status (Northern Ireland).” https://www.nisra.gov.uk/statistics/census/2011-census.

Family Practicioner Services. 2020. “General Medical Services for Northern Ireland, Annual Statistics 2019/20.” https://hscbusiness.hscni.net/pdf/FPS%20General%20Medical%20Services%20Statistics%20201920.pdf.

Frost J. 2019. Introduction to Statistics. Statistics By Jim Publishing. https://statisticsbyjim.com/basics/introduction-statistics-intuitive-guide/.

Gonzalez-Chica D. A., Bastos J. L., Duquia R. P., Bonamigo R. R., Martínez-Mesa J. 2015. “Tests of association: which one is the most appropriate for my study?” An Bras Dermatol. 90 (4): 523–28. https://doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20154289.

Health & Social Care Trust. 2020. “The Health Survey Northern Ireland.” https://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/public/PivotGrid.aspx?ds=10512&lh=63&yn=2010-2020&sk=134&sn=Health%20and%20Social%20Care&yearfilter=.

Lee D. K., In J. and Lee S. 2015. “Standard Deviation and Standard Error of the Mean.” Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 68 (3): 220–23. https://doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2015.68.3.220.

Leung W. C. 2001. “Balancing statistical and clinical significance in evaluating treatment effects.” Postgraduate Medical Journal 77 (905): 201–4. https://doi.org/10.1136/pmj.77.905.201.

Martin J. D. and Louis N. G. 1997. “Measurement of Relative Variation: Sociological Examples.” American Sociological Review 33 (3): 496–502. https://doi.org/10.2307/2093089.

McHugh M. L. 2013. “The chi-square test of independence.” Biochem Med (Zagreb) 23(2):1: 43–49. https://doi.org/10.11613/bm.2013.018.

McHugh M. L. and Hudson-Barr D. 2003. “Descriptive Statistics, Part II: Most Commonly Used Descriptive Statistics.” Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing 8 (3): 111–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1088-145X.2003.00111.x.

McHugh M. L. and Villarruel A. M. 2003. “Descriptive Statistics, Part I: Level of Measurement.” Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing 8 (1): 35–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6155.2003.tb00182.x.

NISRA. 2012. “Arts Council Funded Activities (Administrative Geographies), 2010.”

———. 2021. “Population Totals (Administrative Geographies), 1991-2020.”

———. 2022a. “Life Expectancy at Birth (Administrative Geographies), 2018-2020.”

———. 2022b. “Pupil Suspensions and Expulsions in Northern Ireland, 2020/21, Experimental Statistics June 2022.” https://www.education-ni.gov.uk/sites/default/files/publications/education/Pupil%20Suspensions%20and%20Expulsions%20in%20Northern%20Ireland%202020%2021%20%20Experimental%20Statistics.pdf.

Office for National Statistics. 2022. “Uncertainty and How We Measure It for Our Surveys.” https://www.ons.gov.uk/methodology/methodologytopicsandstatisticalconcepts/uncertaintyandhowwemeasureit.

Pereira S. M. C, Leslie G. R. N. 2009. “Hypothesis testing.” Australian Critical Care 22 (4): 187–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2009.08.003.

Schmidt C. O. and Kohlmann T. 2008. “When to use the odds ratio or the relative risk?” International Journal of Public Health 53 (2): 165. https://doi.org/10.11613/bm.2013.018.

Schober P., Christa B., Lothar S. A.,. 2018. “Correlation Coefficients: Appropriate Use and Interpretation.” Anesthesia & Analgesia 126(5): 1763–68. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000002864 .

Swinscow, T.D.V. 1997. Statistics at Square One: Correlation and Regression. 9th ed. BMJ Publishing Group. https://www.bmj.com/about-bmj/resources-readers/publications/statistics-square-one/11-correlation-and-regression.

Swinscow T.D.V. 1997. Statistics at Square One: Differences between means: type I and type II errors and power. 9th ed. BMJ Publishing Group. https://www.bmj.com/about-bmj/resources-readers/publications/statistics-square-one/5-differences-between-means-type-i-an.

Tenny S. and Abdelgawad I. 2022. Statistical Significance. StatPearls [Internet] StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459346/.

Tenny S. and Hoffman M. R. 2022. Relative Risk. StatPearls [Internet] StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL). https://europepmc.org/article/nbk/nbk430824#free-full-text.

Witte R. S. and Witte J. S. 2017. Statistics. John Wiley & Sons. https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Statistics,+11th+Edition-p-9781119254515.